Which statement best defines radiative forcing?

Which statement best defines radiative forcing?

• A. Radiative forcing is the emission rate of solar energy.
• B. Radiative forcing is the cooling effect of aerosols.
• C. Radiative forcing is the change in net energy balance at the top of the atmosphere due to a forcing agent, measured in W/m^2; e.g., increased CO2 raises positive forcing and warms the climate.
• D. Radiative forcing is a measure of heat absorbed by groundwater.

Answer: (C)